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Active Weather Region Spotted for First Time on a Faraway Moon

  • Astronomers spotted active weather patterns with cloud convection in Titan's northern hemisphere during summer using JWST and Keck telescopes in 2023.
  • The discovery follows earlier evidence of southern hemisphere weather and addresses gaps in understanding Titan's climate and methane cycle.
  • Titan has a dense nitrogen atmosphere, methane clouds that evolve like Earth's convective cells, lakes in the north fed by methane rain, and a troposphere about 27 miles high.
  • Lead author Conor Nixon explained that observations of methane clouds near Titan’s north pole demonstrate how rainfall contributes to replenishing methane that has evaporated from the moon’s lakes.
  • NASA plans the Dragonfly mission to launch in 2028 and arrive by 2034 to study Titan's habitability and chemical processes, while methane depletion threatens Titan's atmosphere long-term.
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keckobservatory.org broke the news in on Wednesday, May 14, 2025.
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