Sovereignty by Design? Security of Supply in Defense in the European Union

In 2025, security of supply in defense in the European Union is yet again on the policy agenda, especially given the ongoing war on Ukraine and shifts in the transatlantic relationship. In this policy paper, we take stock of the EU's recent efforts to develop defense industrial policy and its relationship with security of supply. We distinguish between different forms of supply insecurity and address the inherent tensions involved in developing …